Understanding the Claim About “Frankenstein Rabbits”
In August 2025, social media platforms were flooded with alarming posts about a supposed outbreak of infected rabbits in Fort Collins, Colorado. These posts claimed that “Frankenstein” rabbits with tentacle-like or horn-like growths on their faces had “invaded” the United States. The fear-mongering narratives suggested that these creatures posed a serious threat to humans and other animals, leading to widespread panic and misinformation.
However, experts have since clarified that while there is a real virus associated with such growths, the situation is far less dramatic than it appears. The virus in question, known as the Shope papilloma virus (SPV), has been present in the U.S. for nearly a century and does not pose a threat to humans or other species. The confusion stems from the appearance of the growths, which can resemble tentacles or horns, but they are not indicative of an invasion or a new disease.
What Is the Shope Papilloma Virus?
The Shope papilloma virus is a type of papillomavirus that affects wild rabbits, particularly cottontail rabbits. It causes the development of growths on the skin, often on the head, which can look like tentacles or horns. These growths are typically benign and do not significantly affect the rabbit’s health unless they interfere with eating or drinking. In some cases, the growths may resolve on their own once the rabbit recovers from the infection.
According to reports from Colorado Parks & Wildlife, the virus is most commonly found in the Midwest and has been documented in various parts of the U.S. for decades. The virus is specific to rabbits and cannot be transmitted to humans or other animals. This means that while the appearance of the growths might be unsettling, there is no need for concern regarding human safety.
The Spread of Misinformation
The recent surge in social media posts about “Frankenstein” rabbits was largely based on misinformation. Posts on platforms like X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram claimed that the virus was spreading rapidly and that officials were warning people not to touch the affected rabbits. Some of these posts received millions of views, amplifying the fear and confusion surrounding the issue.
Despite the alarming nature of these claims, experts emphasize that the virus is not new and has been well-documented for many years. The virus is more common in domesticated rabbits than in wild ones, as the growths can become malignant in pet rabbits. However, these tumors can often be treated through surgical removal by a veterinarian.
How the Virus Spreads
The Shope papilloma virus is primarily spread through biting insects such as ticks and mosquitoes. Outbreaks tend to occur during the summer and fall when these insects are most active. While the virus is most frequently observed in wild cottontail rabbits, it can also affect other breeds, including pet rabbits. Therefore, it is important for rabbit owners to take precautions, such as keeping their pets indoors during peak insect seasons and ensuring they are protected from potential exposure.
Historical Context and Scientific Background
The Shope papilloma virus was first identified in the 1930s by Richard Shope, after whom the virus is partially named. A 2015 study published in the journal PLoS One highlighted the long history of the virus, noting that it has been found in museum specimens dating back over a century. The study also confirmed that the virus is almost exclusively found in the U.S. Midwest.
A 2013 report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) documented the capture of a desert cottontail rabbit infected with the virus in Larimer County, Colorado—home to Fort Collins. This discovery helps explain why the recent sightings of rabbits with unusual growths have been reported in the area.
The Legend of the Jackalope
Interestingly, the appearance of rabbits with facial growths may have contributed to the legend of the jackalope, a mythical creature often described as a rabbit with antlers. According to the Smithsonian Institution, these sightings could have inspired the “Frankenstein” rabbit narrative, blending folklore with real biological phenomena.
Conclusion
While the Shope papilloma virus is a legitimate condition affecting wild and domesticated rabbits, the recent social media frenzy surrounding “Frankenstein” rabbits is based on exaggerated and misleading information. The virus is not a new or invasive threat, nor does it pose any risk to humans. For rabbit owners, it is important to understand the nature of the virus and take appropriate measures to protect their pets. As with any health-related concern, consulting a veterinarian is always the best course of action.
